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Malware

Malware

What is it and how can we defend against it.

Malware (short for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or network. It’s a broad category that includes various types of harmful programs used by cybercriminals to steal data, disrupt operations, or gain unauthorised access to systems.

Common Types of Malware:

  1. Viruses

    • Attach themselves to legitimate files or programs and spread when those files are shared.
    • Often corrupt or delete data.

  2. Worms

    • Self-replicating and spread across networks without needing to attach to files.
    • Can cause widespread damage quickly.

  3. Trojans

    • Disguised as legitimate software but contain malicious code.
    • Often used to create backdoors for attackers.

  4. Ransomware

    • Encrypts a victim’s data and demands payment for the decryption key.
    • Examples: WannaCry, REvil.

  5. Spyware

    • Secretly monitors user activity and collects information like passwords or credit card numbers.

  6. Adware

    • Displays unwanted ads and may track browsing behavior.

  7. Rootkits

    • Hide the presence of other malware and allow attackers to maintain privileged access.

  8. Keyloggers

    • Record keystrokes to capture sensitive information like login credentials.

How Malware Spreads:

  • Phishing emails
  • Infected websites or downloads
  • Removable media (e.g., USB drives)
  • Exploiting software vulnerabilities

Protection Against Malware:

  • Use reputable antivirus and anti-malware software.
  • Keep systems and software updated.
  • Avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading unknown attachments.
  • Use strong, unique passwords and enable multi-factor authentication.
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