Red Teaming
What is it?
Red Teaming in cybersecurity is a full-scope, multi-layered attack simulation designed to measure how well an organisation’s people, networks, applications, and physical security can withstand an attack from a real-world adversary.
Key Objectives:
- Test detection and response capabilities
- Identify exploitable vulnerabilities
- Assess the effectiveness of security controls
- Improve incident response and threat hunting
How It Differs from Other Security Testing
| Type of Test | Description |
|---|---|
| Vulnerability Assessment | Scans for known vulnerabilities. |
| Penetration Testing | Simulates attacks on specific systems to find exploitable flaws. |
| Red Teaming | Emulates real-world adversaries using stealth, persistence, and creativity across digital, physical, and social domains. |
Common Red Team Techniques
Red Teams use a wide range of tactics, often based on the MITRE ATT&CK framework, including:
- Reconnaissance: Gathering intel on the target (e.g., open ports, employee info).
- Initial Access: Phishing, exploiting public-facing apps, or physical intrusion.
- Privilege Escalation: Gaining higher-level access once inside.
- Lateral Movement: Moving across systems to reach the target.
- Exfiltration: Stealing data or simulating data theft.
Components of a Red Team Engagement
- Planning & Scoping: Define rules of engagement, goals, and boundaries.
- Execution: Red Team carries out the simulated attack.
- Detection & Response: Blue Team (defenders) try to detect and stop the attack.
- Reporting: Red Team documents findings, attack paths, and recommendations.
- Debrief & Remediation: Joint session to improve defenses and close gaps.
Benefits of Red Teaming
- Uncovers blind spots in detection and response.
- Improves security posture through realistic testing.
- Trains defenders under real-world pressure.
- Validates security investments and controls.